In recent decades, the incidence and mortality rates of cancer have risen rapidly. Cancer is becoming the biggest cause of death globally. The majority of malignancies are difficult to detect at an early stage. Despite the availability of a variety of therapeutic options, such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted medications, their efficacy is still restricted. Malignant cancers have a low overall survival rate. More research into the causes of malignant tumors is needed, as well as the development of new markers and targets that are more accurate and efficient than established...