In Brazil, the estimated number of described plant species (terrestrial and algae) varies from 50,542 to 60,042. These are found in the six different biomes, as shown in Figure 1: Amazon (the Amazon rainforest in the North and Midwest of Brazil), Cerrado (the central Brazilian savannah), Mata Atlântica (the Atlantic rainforest that runs from sea level to the highlands of eastern Brazil), Caatinga (a xerophytic thorny forest found in northeastern Brazil), Pampa (the grasslands in southern Brazil), and Pantanal (fields periodically flooded by the Paraná and Paraguay rivers in west-central...