Heat exchangers are frequently included in the process flow sheets of industrial plants and have an important part to play. In cogeneration plants, the condensers attached to the exhaust from low pressure turbines recover not only the condensate, so reducing the cost of treating new makeup water, but also the heat that would otherwise be discharged into the environment and wasted. In many processes they are also used to minimize the heat lost to the atmosphere by recovering some of the heat contained in process discharge streams. Other heat exchangers are used to recover the heat contained in...