This study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile and larvicidal activity of essential oil (EO) extracted from the leaves of Pimenta dioica L. in front of the larvae of the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The larvicidal activity of EO presented mortality at concentrations of 10 to 100 mg L-1 and LC50 of 48.41 mg L-1. The results indicate that the evaluated EO is composed of substances that have a good larvicidal effect against Aedes aegypti,demonstrating its efficiency in combating and controlling the Aedes aegypti mosquito.