The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are the most common obligate symbiotic fungi, occurring on diverse group of plants from bryophytes to pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms in different ecological conditions. The AM fungi benefit the host plant by increasing the absorption capacity of the root system and translocate inorganic nutrients mainly phosphorus, other complexed compounds and minor elements through extensive network of hyphae to the external root more effectively than the plant roots. More recently AM fungi are transferred from the polyphyletic phylum Zygomycotina to newly...