The aim of this work is to present several new results concerning monotone operator theory, applications to injectivity theorems, convex functions and variational inequalities, and some applications of the duality to the theory of maximal monotone operators. We begin with the study under which circumstances the local (generalized) monotonicity property of an operator is equivalent to its global counterpart. We introduce two new concepts, the -monotonicity of operators and the -convexity of real valued functions, that contain in particular several monotonicity/convexity notions from the...