In recent years large-scale global optimization (GO) problems have drawn considerable attention. These problems have many applications, in particular in data mining, computational biology, computational chemistry, and medicine.Numerical methods for GO are often very time consuming and could not be applied for high-dimensional non-convex and/or non-smooth optimization problems. This is the reason of this book why to develop and study new algorithms for solving large-scale GO problems.The existing local/global optimization techniques effectively solve many problems when the number of variables...

Due to the unstable, noncrystalline and insoluble nature of some proteins, the technologies such as X-ray crystallography, NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy and dual polarization interferometry etc sometimes cannot produce the 3D structures of these proteins. In this condition, molecular modeling (MM) might have been the only strategy to get the 3D structures. The non-covalent interactions such as hydrogen bonding (HB), ionic interactions (SB), Van Der Waals forces (VDW), and hydrophobic packing (HP) are driving the proteins to be able to perform their biological functions. The...