This book develops a systematic philosophical account of moral cultivation as a foundational principle structuring Chinese civilization. It brings domains often treated in isolation into a unified perspective—cosmology, ethics, subjectivity, education, art, and socio-political order. It argues that the lived practice of moral cultivation, rather than purely rational or religious frameworks, constitutes China’s civilizational orientation. Traversing Confucian, Daoist, Mohist, and Buddhist traditions, and deploying original concepts such as the Taijitu mode of thinking, the...