Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) ankylosis is a debilitating condition characterized by the fusion of the jawbone (mandible) to the temporal bone of the skull, resulting in restricted jaw movement. This condition can severely impact a person's ability to eat, speak, and maintain oral hygiene, and can also lead to facial deformities, especially in growing children. TMJ ankylosis can be classified into intra-articular (within the joint) and extra-articular (outside the joint) types. The condition arises from various etiologies, including trauma, infections, systemic diseases, and congenital...