Minimally Invasive Dentistry (MID) is the application of "a systematic respect for the original tissue." This implies that the dental profession recognizes that an artifact is of less biological value than the original healthy tissue. The objective is tissue preservation (preferably by preventing disease and intercepting its progress), this means performing treatment with as little tissue loss as possible. MID adopts a philosophy that integrates prevention, remineralization and minimal intervention for the placement and replacement of restorations. In this book we discuss the rational for the...

It is the science that deals with the study of materials used in dentistry, which includes chemical properties, physical properties, manipulation and their applications in dental practice.Major subject areas were arch wires and stainless-steel brackets, elastics and elastomers, alginate impression material, zinc phosphate cement, and acid etching of enamel and adhesive bonding of brackets.The enormous changes in orthodontics treatment mechanics, treatment duration and appliance efficiency due to improvement in materials are perhaps the most prominent differences that distinguish contemporary...

Photographs of a patient's face provide an enormous amount of information for to guide diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as to document preoperative and post treatment conditions.The majority of dentofacial changes are usually monitored by the method of cephalometry, where the structures of soft tissues are only registered in profile, and anteroposterior presentation is made impossible. As patients do not understand their own cephalogram, and neither do they know how to interpret the cephalometric analysis, the photograph represents a much more conventional documentation of the soft...

A Visual Treatment Objective (VTO) is like a blueprint or a visual plan to forecast the normal growth of the patient and the anticipated influences of treatment, to establish the individual objectives we want to achieve for that patient. Treatment for a growing patient must be planned according to growth changes, not according to the skeletal structure that the patient presents initially. Orthodontic treatment is monitored with head films, usually at 6-month intervals. Whenever a case is encountered in which growth is occurring in a different direction than expected, a new mid-treatment VT0...

Temporary Anchorage Device has mainly changed the possibilities and paradigms in orthodontic treatment. The use of the mini-implants for absolute anchorage has proved to have many attractive features and advantages. First, the capacities to provide alternative treatment possibilities that were not previously feasible. Second, absolute anchorage leads to reduction in the treatment time and a more reliable treatment plan. Third, this anchorage system eliminates the dependency on patient compliance. Extra-oral anchoring devices such as headgear could be replaced by this system unless patient...

Zahnfehlstellungen sind das Ergebnis des Zusammenspiels von genetischen und umweltbedingten Faktoren. Daher ist es für Kieferorthopäden unerlässlich, dieses Zusammenspiel zu verstehen, um eine wirksame Diagnose und Behandlung durchführen zu können. Das Wissen um genetische Einflüsse hilft, vererbte Zahnfehlstellungen von solchen zu unterscheiden, die durch Umweltfaktoren verursacht werden, und erleichtert die individuelle Behandlung. Die meisten Zahnfehlstellungen sind polygen/multifaktoriell bedingt, obwohl einige spezifische Fälle stark von einzelnen Genen beeinflusst werden können....

Malocclusion results from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors, making it essential for orthodontists to understand this interplay for effective diagnosis and treatment. Awareness of genetic influences helps differentiate inherited malocclusions from those caused by environmental factors, facilitating personalized care. Most malocclusions are polygenic/multifactorial, though some specific cases may be strongly influenced by single genes. Heritability estimates vary, with craniofacial traits generally showing higher heritability than dentoalveolar traits. While fluctuating...