The primary focus of the topic is on the production of energy. Here, energy production typically refers to the conversion of waste algal biomass into various forms of usable energy. This could include electricity, biofuels (e.g., biodiesel, bioethanol), biogas, or other forms of renewable energy. Conversion of algal biomass to fuels via extraction of lipids (and potentially other components), through 'algal lipid upgrading' or ALU pathway, combined algal process (CAP) and parallel algal process (PAP). ALU approach based on a biochemical processing strategy to selectively recover and...