With the tendency of the agricultural and livestock sectors to develop more extensively in the northern regions of Iran, the irreparable blows have been introduced to the natural resources and the environment. In this regard, changes in rangelands to widespread wheat farming for self-sufficiency, as well as changes in forest use in other ways, have occurred in many cases with the greed of profitable individuals in many areas of the country and with frequent floods following the destruction of forests. The overcrowding and erosion of soil and various other causes have led to the need to pay...

Avec la tendance des secteurs de l'agriculture et de l'élevage à se développer plus largement dans les régions du nord de l'Iran, des coups irréparables ont été portés aux ressources naturelles et à l'environnement. À cet égard, les changements dans les pâturages en faveur d'une culture généralisée du blé pour l'autosuffisance, ainsi que les changements dans l'utilisation des forêts par d'autres moyens, se sont produits dans de nombreux cas avec la cupidité d'individus rentables dans de nombreuses régions du pays et avec de fréquentes inondations suite à la destruction...

The atmospheric accumulation of CO2 is the balance between fossil fuel and land-use change emissions, and the uptake due to oceanic and terrestrial sinks. The key issue is to understand the processes controlling the global carbon budget in order to relate anthropogenic emissions of CO2 quantitatively to atmospheric concentrations. Current climate goals require that the land-use sector, forests, wetlands, arable land and fields, should be turned into carbon sinks by 2030. In the subsequent decades, these sinks should be quickly strengthened. Human influence has warmed the atmosphere, ocean and...

While the effects of war on the environment may seem obvious, what is less apparent are the ways in which environmental damage itself can lead to conflict. In regions such as Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia, factions in resource-poor areas have historically resorted to military force for material gain. As military strategies evolve, it becomes clear that the environment plays an increasingly crucial role, especially in post-conflict scenarios. Some military leaders are realizing that preserving the environment can offer more long-term benefits than destroying it. Natural resources...