The present study was conducted for efficient and quality production of stingless wasp, Trichogramma chilonis Ishii on grain moth, Sitotroga cereallela (Olivier) and rice meal moth, Corcyra cephalonica (St.). Biological control offers effective alternatives for the control of many insect pests. The most favorable temperature was 28 ºC on which maximum rate of parasitism and adult emergence were obtained from S. cereallela eggs as compared to C. cephalonica eggs. Under no choice test, the percentage of oviposition and adult emergence was the highest at 2 h eggs of both hosts. For host density...

The present research was conducted during May 2009 to September 2010 to explore the spider fauna of FR Peshawar, FATA, Pakistan. Spiders were collected and identified. Their 23 species belonging to 15 genera and 09 families were reported. The reported families Clubionidae, Scytodidae and Sprassidae covered 4%, Araneidae, Gnaphosidae, Pholicidae and Salticidae 9%, Thomisidae 13% and Lycosidae 43% biodiversity of spiders of FATA. However, the largest spider collected was huntsman, Isopoda tuhodnigra (Barrion) with total body length 15.80±0.83 mm. Moreover, the smallest spider was wolf spider,...

Pearls have been known to mankind since the beginning of civilization. The success of the pearl culture industry depends on the high rate of production of quality pearls. The value of a pearl depends on its quality, size, shape, colour and lustre. Being a product of biological origin, individual variations are bound to occur in each pearl. The secretion of the mantle or the pearl-sac, which leads to the formation of the pearl, may be organic or inorganic or both in origin, with unpredictable and subtle variations in structure and composition. The final product may range from the finest to the...