Urban populations interact with their environment. Urban people change their environment through their consumption of food, energy, water, and land and in turn, the polluted urban environment affects the health and quality of life of the urban population. People who live in urban areas have very different consumption patterns than residents in rural areas for example; urban populations consume much more food, energy, and durable goods than rural populations. Cities pollute waterways in several ways including directly dumping sewage and chemical wastes allowing runoff from impermeable...

Pakistan is the 5th largest country in the world in terms of sugar cane cultivation, 11th by production and 60th in yield. Sugarcane is the primary raw material for the production of sugar. The sugar industry in Pakistan is the 2nd largest agro based industry comprising 81 sugar mills with annual crushing capacity of over 6.1 million tones. Sugar production can be raw and refined. Sugar Industry has many products like, Sugar cane juice, Jiggery, Panela, Molasses, Rum, etc. The sugar by-products can also be used further for production of alcohol, animal feed, paper and pulp, fuels and...