Hydraulic jump is most frequently encountered features of RVF in open channels as the supercritical flow changes to subcritical flow; during this phenomenon air is entrained because of the breaking of number of wavelets on the surface and get released in the form of air bubbles. Compared to prismatic, non-prismatic channels with appurtenances not only modify the hydraulic jump characteristics but also affect significantly the formation of symmetric flows downstream of the channel. Moreover, non-prismatic channels with baffle blocks & sill arrangements are useful to control the hydraulic jump...

Removal of Cr(Vl) is important for the safety of aqueous environment, it being carcinogenic and toxic to aquatic life. Various methods used for removal of Chromium ions include chemical reduction and precipitation, reverse osmosis and ion exchange and adsorption on activated carbon or similar materials. But, all these methods suffer from severe constraints, such as incomplete metal removal, high reagent or energy requirements, generation of toxic sludge or other waste products that require safe disposal. Adsorption techniques for removal of Cr(VI) has been reported by various researchers in...