This open access book examines the relationship between trade and women’s economic empowerment by focusing on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in six countries: Cambodia, Ghana, Madagascar, Nigeria, Senegal and Vietnam. The authors make use of both survey data and qualitative analysis to understand why and how trade can create more jobs for women, and how the jobs created are contributing to women’s empowerment. They propose strategies and policies for ensuring that women can benefit from trade. After providing the context for the research and reviewing the literature on trade and...

This open access book examines the relationship between trade and women’s economic empowerment by focusing on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in six countries: Cambodia, Ghana, Madagascar, Nigeria, Senegal and Vietnam. The authors make use of both survey data and qualitative analysis to understand why and how trade can create more jobs for women, and how the jobs created are contributing to women’s empowerment. They propose strategies and policies for ensuring that women can benefit from trade. After providing the context for the research and reviewing the literature on trade and...

The dearth of knowledge on the impact of culture on cityscapes is the bane of contemporary urban morphology. The consequence is the destruction of the cultural foundation of cities in the name of urbanization. Unfortunately, research effort on this focus by the built environment disciplines has received little attention. This book presents the result of a study on the influence of culture on urban forms in a semiotic approach using Kelvin Lynch s (1960) five basic elements of city images. The book is relevant for the training in and practice of architecture, urban design, landscape...