In this book we predict airline operational responses to policy measures that aim to reduce the environmental impact of aviation. By not modeling these responses, the capability of the air transport system to adjust under changing conditions is neglected, resulting in the forecasting of potentially misleading benefits. Passenger and traffic flows are simulated for a network of airports and cities in the United States from 2005 to 2030, under a series of policy scenarios. The results indicate that while airport capacity constraints may have significant system-wide effects on passenger demand,...