Toxocariasis is a public health problem. Man acts as an unnatural host in which Toxocara larvae does not develop but migrate and survive for a long time. The mode of transmission to humans is by oral ingestion of infective Toxocara eggs from contaminated soil (sapro-zoonoses), unwashed hands or consumption of raw vegetables. Some infections may occur from ingestion of larvae in undercooked organs and muscle tissues of infected paratenic hosts such as chickens, cattle and sheep. Transmission to the second generation is theoretically possible by infective larvae of canine ascarid nematode...

The field of Molecular Biology continues to attract and excite the students of all branches of life sciences, including biology and Medicine.The text covers two basic but very important aspects of Molecular Biology, DNA structure and replication. Some of the aspects of DNA structure which the beginners usually find difficult to follow and understand from the usual texts have been discussed and simplified. DNA replication in prokaryotic organisms has been explained. Eukaryotic DNA and its replication has also been covered. The text though appears comprehensive is basically meant for the...

Cestodes are endo-parasitic tapeworms which during their life cycle require at least one intermediate host and a definitive host. Many tapeworms have a two-phase life cycle with two types of host. The adult form lives in the gut of a primate. Gravid proglottids leave the body through the anus and fall onto the ground, where they are eaten with grass by grazing animals like cows that act as intermediate hosts. The larval forms or the juveniles migrate and establish as cysts in the intermediate hosts body tissues such as muscles. They cause more damage to this host than it does to its...