What is the role of mobile devices in education? Mobile phone ownership has proliferated at an explosive rate over the last decade. The entrenchment of this technology in everyday life necessitates a critical examination of the roles it can play in education. A varied cross-section of case studies in mobile education was selected and analyzed with the primary aim of providing a critical landscape of mobile education and the secondary aim of extrapolating frameworks from usage patterns. Exemplar case studies were reviewed for insight into mobile education and synthesized into a framework using...