Less invasive excavation methods have been suggested for deep caries lesions. Various treatment concepts have been suggested to solve the deep carious lesion dilemma. Recent systematic reviews are presented. Their conclusions are based on very few studies, and the main message is that optimal randomized clinical studies are lacking. Observational studies on indirect pulp treatment and stepwise excavation demonstrate that these treatments avoid pulp exposures, but it cannot be said which approach is best. A less invasive modified stepwise excavation approach is described, this book focusing on...

Biomimetic dentistry would successfully replace lost dentin, enamel, cementum, and pulp and open a new era of dentistry. Contemporary biomaterials have shown ability to overcome the limitations of traditional materials. However, there exists limitations when considering criteria for categorizing them as ideal materials. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated good results, however randomized and double-blind studies of sufficient duration with biomimetic materials have been needed to confirm long term success.

Child development from conception to age of 1 year is the most dynamic period in terms of growth and development. During the prenatal period of nine months, the fertilized egg develops into a human being, complete with feelings, emotional needs, ability to communicate and the gross motor skills.1 According to different age groups, human being is categorized into different stages and got different terms. A child from birth to 1 month of age is a neonate, 1 month to 1 year is an infant, from 1-3 years toddler and 3-6 years preschooler.This book will provide information on Infant oral health...

Le développement de l'enfant, de la conception à l'âge d'un an, est la période la plus dynamique en termes de croissance et de développement. Au cours de la période prénatale de neuf mois, l'oeuf fécondé se développe en un être humain, doté de sentiments, de besoins émotionnels, d'une capacité à communiquer et d'une motricité globale.1 Selon les différents groupes d'âge, l'être humain est catégorisé en différentes étapes et reçoit des termes différents. Un enfant de la naissance à 1 mois est un nouveau-né, de 1 mois à 1 an un nourrisson, de 1 à 3 ans un enfant en...

Die Entwicklung des Kindes von der Empfängnis bis zum Alter von 1 Jahr ist der dynamischste Zeitraum in Bezug auf Wachstum und Entwicklung. Während der vorgeburtlichen Zeit von neun Monaten entwickelt sich die befruchtete Eizelle zu einem menschlichen Wesen mit Gefühlen, emotionalen Bedürfnissen, Kommunikationsfähigkeit und grobmotorischen Fähigkeiten.1 Je nach Altersgruppe wird der Mensch in verschiedene Stadien eingeteilt und erhält unterschiedliche Bezeichnungen. Ein Kind von der Geburt bis zum Alter von 1 Monat ist ein Neugeborenes, von 1 Monat bis 1 Jahr ein Säugling, von 1-3...

Endodontic treatment is sometimes necessary in children to resolve pulpal pathologies. Although it may alleviate pain in children, it can sometimes lead to unpleasant events/episodes called Endodontic Emergencies. Endodontic emergencies can result from many different conditions of the pulp, root canal, and peri-radicular tissues. They may occur before endodontic treatment starts, between appointments when treatment is being performed over multiple visits, and post-endodontic treatment. This book aims to give an overview of commonly seen endodontic emergencies that can occur in pediatric...

The COVID-19 pandemic had engulfed both the developed and the developing countries, thereby causing widespread global public health concerns and threats to human lives. The emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the dreadful coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raised the significant challenges to healthcare professionals due to its high transmission rate via droplet spread or direct contact. Despite of higher information about COVID-19 in relation to its alarming spread, there is still a lack of consolidated information to guide Pediatric...

Caries Risk" is defined as the probability that an individual will develop at least a certain number of carious lesions reacting a giver stage of disease progression during a specified time conditional on his/her exposure status remaining stable during the period in question. This is generally considered "high" or "low". "Caries risk assessment" is the identification of individuals at high risk for future caries. Assessment of caries risk is an important part of contemporary dental practice.. Thus, this book demonstrate the risk assessment can be tested for how well it correlates with the...