Maintenance of biologic width is essential to preserve the periodontal health and to remove any irritation that may damage the periodontium. The relationship between periodontal health and restoration of teeth is intimate and inseparable. Maintenance of gingival health constitutes one of the keys for tooth and dental restoration longevity. Encroachment of biologic width becomes of particular concern when considering the restoration of tooth that has fractured or been caries near the alveolar crest. The biological width dimension represent anatomical and physiologic tissue where the host...

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infection of the supporting tissues around the teeth. The removal of bacterial deposits and all the factors that favour its accumulation is the primary treatment goal of phase I therapy. Considering the microbial etiology of the periodontal disease, the periodontal therapy aims to control or abolish the pathogenic microbes. The gold standard scaling and root planing procedure has been used since time immemorial but the drawbacks associated with it have led to the development of various adjunctive means; laser therapy or local...

When the clinical crowns of teeth are dimensionally short and it is difficult to place a restoration, surgically increasing the length of the clinical crowns can be done. The difficulties presented by short clinical crowns demand a proper treatment plan and a satisfactory result. The desired result is a reflection of an accurate treatment plan. This review examines the biological and surgical considerations as well as various methods of crown lengthening procedures. Changes in periodontal tissues, problems during and after crown lengthening procedures are also matter of concern. The effects...