Ahmad Bilal examines the decline in Pakistani cinema during the last two decades, and explores its history to expose the causes of that deterioration. Bilal introduces the concept of established and emergent cinema, building on the work of Williams (1977) in discussing the ideas of dominant, residual and emergent culture. Bilal's research asks "Can new and convergent media be helpful in reviving the Pakistani cinema?" The exploration reveals two gaps in Pakistani film industry: first, the lack of training in the making of films; and, second, the change in possible production methods allowed...