​This concise textbook introduces a systems approach to technology, describing tribological, mechatronic, cyber-physical systems, and the technologic concept of Industry 4.0 to students in a range of engineering domains. “Technology” in this book refers to the totality of human-made, benefit-oriented products, based on engineered combinations of material, energy and information. Dr. Czichos examines technology in this volume in the context of systems thinking with regard to the following main technology areas