The north of Iran is one of the main regions for agricultural production but the occurred precipitation is insufficient to meet wheat requirement. Consequently, supplemental irrigation is necessary for obtaining potential yield of wheat in rainfed areas. In addition, nitrogen fertilization can improve water use efficiency in such areas. Therefore, supplemental irrigation and nitrogen fertilization effects on production of winter wheat under rainfed climate condition were investigated in this book. Soil and water researchers, engineers and students can use findings of this study.

The oldest and most widely irrigation systems used in agricultural lands over the world is a surface irrigation system which is applied in more than 95% of irrigated farms. Furrow irrigation is one of the methods of surface systems. The present manuscript is prepared with the objectives of the determination of both empirical and standard geometric parameters for furrows, infiltration measuring from the furrows, measurement of flow advance along the furrows, flow measuring, determination of non-erosive maximum flow rates for measuring furrows and determination of optimum furrow length and...