This title aims to provide a detailed and thorough account of how Vietnam's dependance on Soviet aid during the 1960s and 1970s sustained, and yet ultimately undermined, the centrally-planned economy. Foreign aid provided most of the resources which, in the context of an under-developed agrarian economy, permitted planned industrialization. However, chronic shortages emerged, encouraging individuals and enterprises to divert resources to local uses. This book outlines the many problems facing Virtnam, not least how new global forms of integration are affecting future development.