Cancer cervix is the 2nd most common cancer in women accounting for 68.5% of all gynecological malignancies.The estimated new cancer cervix cases per year are 500,000 of which 79% occur in the developing countries.Cervical dysplasia does not cause many symptoms;therefore, regular screening and early diagnosis are important. The single most important step that a woman can take to prevent cervical cancer is a pap smear, which is a gentle scraping at the cervix during a gynecological examination.To judge the merits of a pap smear,Colposcopy provides a technique for visualization of...

Cholelithiasis & its complications are the leading cause of surgical entry into the peritoneal cavity in Northern India. So rife is this disease in this part of the world that Cholecystectomy is perhaps the single most commonly performed routine surgical procedure. Throughout the recent history of modern surgery, the one general surgical technique that has generated immense excitement & rapidly percolated into mainstream of surgical practice, is none other than-Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. The technique thou born in secrecy & developed under an atmosphere of skepticism & hostility, has...