Many countries face difficulties in achieving greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions through existing incentives and regulations, particularly in sectors not included in the European Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS). Conflicting incentives as well as legal and financial obstacles contribute to these difficulties. Financial barriers include not only insufficient subsidies but also risk aversion, need for short amortization periods, costs of obtaining information, hurdles in obtaining loans and preferences to invest in product quality rather than energy efficiency. To support GHG abatement...