Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in western nations. Endothelial dysfunction precedes atherosclerosis and subsequent CVD. Endothelial dysfunction can be monitored be assessing a phenomenon known as flow-mediated dilation (FMD)- the regulation of vessel diameter in response to changes in shear rate (a product of blood velocity and vessel diameter). A popular non-invasive test of FMD has been developed, and has been noted for its capacity to predict CVD. However, this test would be more sensitive and reliable if the FMD response (usually...