Violence in Mindanao is not simply an outcome of conflict. A substantial portion of armed violence took place out of the larger battlefield in Mindanao. The continuity of violence is a joint process between macro and micro dynamics. At the macro level, the central state dominated political and economic governance mechanism has considerably failed to ensure a meaningful and substantive political autonomy, and development for the peripheral people in Mindanao. The micro level actors and triggers, often invisible, play a critical role in armed violence process in Mindanao. The micro level...
Violence in Mindanao is not simply an outcome of conflict. A substantial portion of armed violence took place out of the larger battlefield in Mindana...