This study analyzes the processes of identity construction and the emergence of native organization in Paraguay, as these are entwined in the context of new national policies and legislation. The study focuses on the impact of state politics and national legislation, especially Law 904/81 and the National Constitution of 1992, on indigenous activism and mobilization. This book analyzes the major elements of ethnic identity construction: territory, education, traditional religious system, and the Ava Guarani language. A particular focus is the analysis of language revitalization since Paraguay...