Vesicular monoamine transporters (VMAT) are responsible for the uptake of cytosolic monoamines into synaptic vesicles in monoaminergic neurons. In the central nervous system, vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is the only transporter that moves cytoplasmic dopamine (DA) into synaptic vesicles. Pharmacologically enhancing DA sequestration by VMAT2, and thus preventing the oxidation of DA, may be a strategy for treating diseases such as Parkinsons disease. The neurotoxicity and addictive properties of various psychostimulants have been attributed, at least partly, to their...

Chemical Hazardous cover a wide spectrum of chemicals including explosives, flammable chemicals, corrosives etc. There are more than 70,000 chemicals in use with another 500-1000 added each year. Many of these chemicals are categorized as hazardous and they are often subject to chemical regulations. Mitigating the risks associated with hazardous materials may require the application of safety precautions during their transport, use, storage and disposal. Many legal requirements have been introduced into international legislation over the years to protect people and the environment...