This book describes the overall situation of HIV transmission in South Asian countries and the implementation status of harm reduction programmes. The adult prevalence of HIV is below 1% in South Asia although high prevalence is observed mainly among IDUs. The prevalence of HIV is relatively higher in India and Nepal compared to other countries in South Asia. Low prevalence is observed in Muslim nations in spite of widely prevalent high risk taking behaviours. Information about harm reduction programmes are available from four countries but the issue of effectiveness is still not...