This book consists of six publications and an overview of the research topic. The research described in this book concentrates on the design of phase-locked loop radio frequency synthesizers for wireless applications. In particular, the focus is on the implementation of the prescaler, the phase detector and the chargepump. This work reviews the requirements set for the frequency synthesizer by the wireless standards, and how these requirements are derived from the system specifications. These requirements apply to both integer-N and fractional-N synthesizers. The work also introduces the...