Athletes participating in sports requiring overhead motions, such as baseball, softball, volleyball, swimming, water polo, tennis, and various throwing events in track and field, present a challenge to the athletic trainer and sports medicine staff. Areas of concern include excessive anterior joint capsule laxity, posterior joint capsule tightness, limited posterior and anterior shoulder musculature flexibility, strength and endurance imbalances of dynamic stabilizers, mechanical stresses which disrupt normal biomechanics, poor sport-specific mechanics, and abnormal postural alignment, which...