In Malaysia palm oil is the most important industry, contributes substantially to the economy. Unfortunately, its activities are not without environmental costs-deforestation, excessive use of chemicals, and air and water pollution. Against this background, this study seeks to investigate the efficacy of environmental management in the industry, using palm oil companies as case studies. The results of the study reveal that three levels of environmental strategy - minimalists, intermediators and proactivists. The proactivists were classified as those who exercised a proactive strategy, but...