Oneida Lake formed as a relict arm of glacial Lake Iroquois near the Pleistocene-Holocene transition (13-8 ka). As the southeastern portion of the Lake Ontario Basin settled into its Holocene drainage patterns during the Younger Dryas period (11-10 ka), Oneida Lake receded, leaving a series of exposed beach ridges on the southeastern lacustrine plain. The easternmost ridge of Oneida Lake, having been previously dated at 10.7 14C ka BP, marks the limit of the area under investigation; the western limit is the modern Oneida Lake shoreline - Verona Beach. This demarcates a study area of 2.25...