The current digital music boom demands more flexible and user- centered analysis, search and retrieval tools. This calls for mechanisms able to look inside audio signals and extract high-level content from them. To respond to these and other challenges, music information retrieval (MIR) has emerged as a broad multi- disciplinary research field. Among its topics, melody detection in polyphonic audio plays an important role, with applicability in areas such as automatic transcription, query-by-melody or plagiarism detection. In this book, different melody detection approaches are ...