Cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and aneurysm are the leading cause of human mortality in the western world. The interrelation of the onset and development of such diseases with mechanical forces acting on and within the arterial wall represents a research field of eminent interest. The arterial wall is characterized by large deformations and strains as well as material inhomogeneity, anisotropy, viscoelasticity, and continuous remodeling. Its structural behavior is therefore highly non-linear. This dissertation is concerned with an advanced finite-element approach to model...