Recent advances in biochemistry and related areas such as proteomics and genomics are placing increasing demands on analytical systems. Amongst the various analytical thechniques, capillary electrophoresis (CE) has emerged as a powerful separation method, having played a key role in the sequencing of the human genome. Integrated CE biochips with on-board microfluidic channels and optical waveguides for probing the analytes enable the reduction of analyte and reagent volumes and markedly improve separation times, resolution and operating costs. Furthermore, such integrated ...