This text constitutes the strictly refereed post-proceedings of the First NASA International Conference on Quantum Computing and Quantum Communications, QCQC'98, held in Palm Springs, California, USA in February 1998. As the record of the large-scale meeting entirely devoted to quantum computing and communication, this book is a survey of developments in the area. The 43 carefully reviewed papers are organized in topical sections on entanglement and quantum algorithms, quantum cryptography, quantum copying and quantum information theory, quantum error correction and fault-tolerant quantum...