The ESDP and the European Integration As a response to increasing interdependency and the forces of globalization, Member States of the EU have started to engage in a cooperative manner. Spatial planning is beyond EU competence and scope, has entered into the European agenda though, albeit through untraditional procedures. Initiatives such as the ESDP reveal alternative practices that have expanded the scope of European cooperation. Rather than regulatory and binding practices of cooperation, the ESDP instead presents the importance of political will and the formulation of frameworks open to...