A new paradigm in ecological design calls for transforming out-moded development patterns into more sustainable communities supporting healthier, pedestrian-oriented lifestyles. Proponents of smart growth and new urbanism argue compact, mixed use, and walkable neighborhoods will reduce energy use, foster social interaction, and promote active living associated with lowered risks of heart disease and obesity. However, emerging research findings in this area have been limited by conventional built environment measures (i.e. density, land use mix) that fail to adequately describe key urban form...