This volume contains the proceedings of the conference "Casimir Force, Casimir Operators and the Riemann Hypothesis - Mathematics for Innovation in Industry and Science" held in November 2009 in Fukuoka (Japan). The motive for the conference was the celebration of the 100th birthday of Casimir and the 150th birthday of the Riemann hypothesis.

The conference focused on the following topics:

• Casimir operators in harmonic analysis and representation theory
• Number theory, in particular zeta functions and cryptography
• Casimir force in physics and its relation with...