Nuclear physics began one century ago during the miraculous decade - tween 1895 and 1905 when the foundations of practically all modern physics were established. The period started with two unexpected spino's of the Crooke s vacuum tube: Roentgen s X-rays (1895) and Thomson s electron (1897), the ?rst elementary particle to be discovered. Lorentz and Zeemann developed the the theory of the electron and the in?uence of magnetism on radiation. Quantum phenomenology began in December, 1900 with the - pearance of Planck s constant followed by Einstein s 1905 proposal of what is now called the...