Almost all cultures and societies affirm the importance of having children. However, reproductive technologies challenge the traditional understanding of the process by which a couple becomes parents. Technologies do this by separating the procreation of children from the conjugal act. This forces people to rethink the concept of becoming parents. Different people have different views on the use of reproductive technologies and different understandings of parenting. Lisa Sowle Cahill characterizes the parent-child relationship primarily as a freely chosen relationship. However, John Paul II...