In the 1970s and 1980s, Papua New Guinea used to be a good spot for in­ves­ting in the mineral sector. This situation, however, changed. Especially since the Bougainville crisis - rooted in conflicts produced by a large-scale mining operation - became one of the most difficult and protracted problems in the states short history. It is quite clear that resource extraction brings profound changes, when it is carried out in a former intact environment. But what are the changes that happen when a large-scale mining operation starts? And are these changes able to produce different kinds of...