Esistono molti sistemi complessi attorno a noi. Una galassia e un sistema complesso. Anche un tornado e complesso. Ma i sistemi complessi piu interessanti sono quelli adattativi. Si tratta di sistemi in grado di acquisire e utilizzare a loro vantaggio i flussi di informazioni da cui sono costantemente investiti. Ne isolano le regolarita per costruire modelli di comportamento utili in seno al loro ambiente. Sono sistemi complessi adattativi gli organismi biologici, i cervelli e le reti neurali artificiali. Lo sono anche i formicai, gli alveari, i termitai, le organizzazioni e le societa umane,...
Esistono molti sistemi complessi attorno a noi. Una galassia e un sistema complesso. Anche un tornado e complesso. Ma i sistemi complessi piu interess...
This is an introductory approach to the electron-atom scattering theoretical formulation. It focuses on the mathematical tools and on the physics underlying the modern description of electrons, atoms, and electron-atom scattering. It is organised into four parts each divided into two chapters. Chapter headings: The Fundamental Equations; The General Formalism; Atoms; Elastic and Inelastic Scattering; Relativistic Equations; Quantum-Relativistic Scattering; Electrons Impinging on Solids; The Monte Carlo Simulations.
This is an introductory approach to the electron-atom scattering theoretical formulation. It focuses on the mathematical tools and on the physics unde...
This book describes the computational methods most frequently used to deal with the interaction of charged particles, notably electrons, with condensed matter. Both elastic and inelastic scattering phenomena are discussed, and methods for calculating the relevant cross sections are explained in a rigorous but simple way. It provides readers with all the information they need in order to write their own Monte Carlo code and to simulate the transport of fast particles in condensed matter. Many numerical and experimental examples are presented throughout the book.
The updated and...
This book describes the computational methods most frequently used to deal with the interaction of charged particles, notably electrons, with conde...
This book describes the computational methods most frequently used to deal with the interaction of charged particles, notably electrons, with condensed matter. Both elastic and inelastic scattering phenomena are discussed, and methods for calculating the relevant cross sections are explained in a rigorous but simple way. It provides readers with all the information they need in order to write their own Monte Carlo code and to simulate the transport of fast particles in condensed matter. Many numerical and experimental examples are presented throughout the book.
The updated and...
This book describes the computational methods most frequently used to deal with the interaction of charged particles, notably electrons, with conde...
