In Bosnia, the Middle East, Haiti, and other situations central to the U.S. post-Cold War foreign policy, success or failure has turned on America's ability to promote hope and opportunity as the by-products of intervention. In the wake of war, violence, and civil unrest, providing jobs, homes, basic services, and capital has been the strategy for subduing opposition and building political will as U.S. and allied troops wind down their limited missions. At the same time, dwindling aid budgets, differences with other donors, institutional gaps, congressional opposition, and conflicting...