Known for enlarging the Mughal Empire and enforcing Islamic law throughout his realm, the Mughal emperor Aurangzib-Alamgir (reigned 1658-1707) was engaged in constant wars that left the country falling his reign susceptible to threats from both within and without. This title presents an account of the reign of Aurangzib.

Presented in the original Persian, this volume represents the solely published first volume of the Haft Asman "seven heavens," or a compendium of poetry in the seven epic meters of Persian poetry. This history of the masnawi, or Middle Persian poetic form, written in rhymed couplets, is here presented by one of the recognized teachers of Persian in India. This, his final work, was intended to be an introduction to the works of Nizami. As such it contains invaluable nuggets about the Persian poets and their poetry.