Corrosion takes place when a material interacts with its surroundings, resulting in its deterioration. This occurrence is typically described qualitatively, emphasizing a material's immunity, resistance, vulnerability, or pronounced vulnerability to corrosion, rather than measuring it as a design attribute like other properties.

The field of biomaterials is of great significance to humanity, as it affects not only elderly individuals in need of biomedical implants to improve their quality of life, but also disadvantaged individuals who have suffered from congenital heart disease since...